～に基づいて
based on / according to
～に基づいて（にもとづいて）comes from the verb 基づく (もとづく, to be based on) and attaches to a noun to give the basis or foundation for an action or judgment. It is formed as Noun + に基づいて.
It corresponds to English “based on” or “in accordance with”.
1. Acting or judging on a basis
Use ～に基づいて before a verb to say that the action follows from facts, data, rules, or experience.
事実に基づいて判断します。
“Make a judgment based on the facts.”
- 事実（じじつ）= fact(s)
- に基づいて（にもとづいて）= based on
- 判断します（はんだんします）= judge, make a judgment
2. ～に基づいた + noun
To describe a noun, use ～に基づいた + noun (or に基づく + noun), meaning “a ... based on ...”.
経験に基づいたアドバイスをもらいました。
“I received advice based on experience.”
- 経験（けいけん）= experience
- に基づいた（にもとづいた）= based on
- アドバイス = advice
- を = object marker
- もらいました = received
How to form it
Noun + に基づいて; before a noun, use Noun + に基づいた + noun
- 事実（じじつ）= fact → 事実に基づいて（じじつにもとづいて）= based on the facts
- 計画（けいかく）= plan → 計画に基づいて（けいかくにもとづいて）= based on the plan
- データ = data → データに基づいた判断（データにもとづいたはんだん）= a judgment based on data
Key idea
～に基づいて names the foundation: the action or judgment that follows is built on top of the facts, rules, or experience that come before it.
Other N2 grammar
Updated .